Hoʻohana ka ʻoihana kaʻapolyurethanes hikiwaweno nā noho kaʻa a me nā polyurethanes paʻa no
ka wela a me ke kani.Me ka nīnau ʻole, nā hiʻohiʻona nui loa no ka polyurethanes
i nā kaʻa he haʻahaʻa ke kaumaha i hui pū ʻia me ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻomaikaʻi kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i ka
mileage, ke kumu-kuai o ka wahie, a me ka palekana i ka hookui ana (18, 19).Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā polyurethanes i nā uhi kaʻa.He mea koʻikoʻi nā uhi no nā kaʻa, no ka mea, hāʻawi lākou i ke kūpaʻa corrosion i nā metala i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻāpana kino.Hāʻawi pū lākou i kahi hopena ʻālohilohi e hana i nā kaʻa i ka wā kū, paʻa, a nani hoʻi.Hoʻohana nā ʻoihana kaʻa a me nā mea hale i nā mea pale ahi i kā lākou uhi no ka palekana hou.Ua aʻo kekahi hana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea pale ahi a me kā lākou hopena i ka lepo kaʻa (20).Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)-propane-1,3-diyltetrakis(2-chloroethyl) bisphosphate, i kapa ʻia ʻo V6, ma ke ʻano he pale ahi i loko o ka pahu kaʻa, aia ka tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate ma ke ʻano he carcinogen ʻike ʻia. pūhui (Figure 12).Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻike ʻana ma ka laulā o 5-6160 ng / g o V6 i ka lepo kaʻa, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka lepo o ka hale.ʻOiai ka lapalapa o ka halogen 14 Gupta a me Kahol;Polyurethane Chemistry: Renewable Polyols and Isocyanates ACS Symposium Series;ʻO ka American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2021. He mea maikaʻi nā retardants i ke kinai ʻana i ke ahi, ʻo ko lākou ʻawaʻawa mai ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā kinoea carcinogenic he
hemahema nui.Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka nui o ka noiʻi ʻana i ka synthesizing i nā mea hou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lapalapa ahi me ka ʻole o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻawaʻawa i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi kumu halogen.Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea pale ahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma luna o nā metala oxides(21), nitrogen (22), phosphorus (23), a me carbon (24).Aluminum trihydroxide, melamine, melamine cyanurate, melamine phosphate, ammonium phosphate, red phosphorus, phosphate esters, phosphinates, phosphonates, carbon black, and expandable graphite he mau hiʻohiʻona o nā retardants hiki ke ola.He mea nui loa ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea pale ahi-e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohālikelike kūpono me nā polyurethanes a ʻaʻole e hoʻopuka i ka uahi ʻawaʻawa i ka wā o ke kaʻina puhi.

Hōʻike: Ua haʻi ʻia ka ʻatikala mai Introduction to Polyurethane Chemistry Felipe M. de Souza, 1 Pawan K. Kahol, 2 a me Ram K.Gupta *,1 .No ka kamaʻilio a me ke aʻo ʻana, mai hana i nā kumu pāʻoihana ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo o ka hui, inā pono ʻoe e paʻi hou, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona i ka mea kākau kumu, inā he hewa, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona koke iā mākou e hana i ka hana holoi.