ʻO nā mea e lawe ana i ka plurality o nā pūʻulu hydroxyl i kapa ʻia he spolyols.Loaʻa paha iā lākou ka ester, ether, amide, acrylic, metala, metalloid a me nā hana ʻē aʻe, me nā hui hydroxyl.ʻO nā polyester polyols (PEP) he mau pūʻulu ester a hydroxylic i hoʻokahi iwi kuamoʻo.Hoʻomākaukau ʻia lākou e ka hopena condensation ma waena o nā glycols, ʻo ia hoʻi, ethylene glycol, 1,4-butane diol, 1,6-hexane diol a me kahi dicarboxylic acid/anhydride (aliphatic a i ʻole aromatic).ʻO nā waiwai o PU e hilinaʻi ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ke kaumaha molekala o ka PEP hoʻomaka.ʻOiai ka hopena o ka PEP lālā nui i ka PU ʻoʻoleʻa me ka wela maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa kemika, hāʻawi ka PEP lālā liʻiliʻi iā PU me ka maʻalahi (ma ka wela haʻahaʻa) a me ke kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa.Pēlā nō, hoʻopuka nā polyols haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka PU paʻa aʻo nā polyols kaulahao loloa kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi i ka PU maʻalahi.ʻO kahi laʻana maikaʻi loa o ka PEP kūlohelohe maoli ʻo Castor oil.ʻO nā aila meaʻai ʻē aʻe (VO) ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kemika e hopena pū kekahi i ka PEP.Hiki ke maʻalahi ka PEP i ka hydrolysis ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pūʻulu ester, a ke alakaʻi nei hoʻi kēia i ka hōʻino ʻana o kā lākou mau waiwai mechanical.Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia kēia pilikia ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka nui o nā carbodiimides.ʻO nā polyether polyols (PETP) he emi ke kumu kūʻai ma mua o ka PEP.Hoʻopuka ʻia lākou e ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ethylene a i ʻole propylene oxide me ka waiʻona a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻomaka a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻomaka i mua o kahi ʻakika a i ʻole ka base catalyst.ʻO ka PU i hoʻomohala ʻia mai PETP e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka moisture permeability a me ka Tg haʻahaʻa, e kaupalena ana i kā lākou hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā uhi a me nā pena.ʻO kekahi laʻana o nā polyols he polyol acrylated (ACP) i hana ʻia e ka polymerization radical manuahi o hydroxyl ethyl acrylate/methacrylate me nā acrylics ʻē aʻe.Hoʻopuka ʻo ACP i ka PU me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa wela a hāʻawi pū i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā acrylics i ka hopena PU.ʻIke kēia mau PU i nā noi e like me nā mea uhi.Hoʻololi hou ʻia nā polyols me nā paʻakai metala (e laʻa, metala acetates, carboxylates, chlorides) i hana metala me nā polyols a i ʻole nā ​​polyol hybrid (MHP).ʻO ka PU i loaʻa mai ka MHP e hōʻike ana i ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi, ka nani a me ka hana anti-microbial.Hōʻike ka puke moʻolelo i kekahi mau laʻana o PEP, PETP, ACP, MHP i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea uhi PU.ʻO kekahi laʻana ʻo VO i loaʻa i nā fatty amide diols a me nā polyols (i wehewehe kikoʻī ʻia ma ka mokuna 20 Seed oil based polyurethanes: he insight), i lilo i mea hoʻomaka maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o PU.Ua hōʻike kēia mau PU i ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa hydrolytic ma muli o ka hiki ʻana o ka hui amide i ka iwi diol a i ʻole polyol.

Hōʻike: Ua haʻi ʻia ka ʻatikala maiIntroduction to Polyurethane ChemistryFelipe M. de Souza, 1 Pawan K. Kahol, 2 ame Ram K.Gupta *,1 .No ka kamaʻilio a me ke aʻo ʻana, mai hana i nā kumu pāʻoihana ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo o ka hui, inā pono ʻoe e paʻi hou, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona i ka mea kākau kumu, inā he hewa, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona koke iā mākou e hana i ka hana holoi.