Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā polyurethanes i nā noi biomedical e like me ka ʻili artificial, ka moena o ka haukapila, nā paipu dialysis, nā ʻāpana pacemaker, nā catheters, a me nā uhi ʻokiʻoki.ʻO ka biocompatibility, mechanical properties, a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa nā kumu nui i ka kūleʻa o nā polyurethanes i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā implants maʻamau e koi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā mea biobased, no ka mea, hōʻole ke kino iā lākou.I ka hihia o polyurethanes, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka biocomponent mai 30 a 70%, e hana ana i kahi ākea ākea no nā noi ma ia mau wahi (2).Ke hoʻonui nei nā polyurethanes biobased i kā lākou māhele mākeke a ke manaʻo ʻia nei e hōʻea ma kahi o $ 42 miliona e 2022, ʻo ia ka hapa liʻiliʻi o ka mākeke polyurethane holoʻokoʻa (ma lalo o 0.1%).Eia nō naʻe, he wahi hoʻohiki ia, a ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea biobased i nā polyurethanes.Pono ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā waiwai o nā polyurethanes biobased e kūlike i nā koi e kū nei, i mea e hoʻonui ai i ke kālā.

Ua hana ʻia ka polyurethane crystalline biobased ma o ka hopena o PCL, HMDI, a me ka wai i hoʻokani i ke ʻano o kahi mea hoʻonui kaulahao (33).Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo hoʻohaʻahaʻa no ke aʻo ʻana i ke kūpaʻa o ka biopolyurethane i nā wai kino kino, e like me ka phosphate-buffered saline solution.ʻO nā hoʻololi

ma ka wela, mechanical, a me ke kino waiwai ua kālailai a hoohalikeia me ka like

polyurethane i loaʻa ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ethylene glycol ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonui kaulahao ma kahi o ka wai.Ua hōʻike nā hopena i ka polyurethane i loaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonui kaulahao i hōʻike i nā waiwai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka manawa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kāna mea like petrochemical.ʻAʻole kēia e emi nui wale

ke kumu kūʻai o ke kaʻina hana, akā hāʻawi pū ia i kahi ala maʻalahi i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea lapaʻau i hoʻohui ʻia i ka waiwai kūpono no nā endoprostheses hui (33).Ua ukali ʻia e kekahi ala ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kēia manaʻo, nāna i hoʻohui i kahi biopolyurethane urea ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polyol-based oil rapeseed, PCL, HMDI, a me ka wai ma ke ʻano he kaulahao (6).No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻili, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium chlorine e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka porosity o nā polymers i hoʻomākaukau ʻia.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka polymer synthesized ma ke ʻano he scaffold ma muli o kona ʻano porous e hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻiʻo iwi.Me nā hopena like i hoʻohālikelike ʻia

i ka laʻana mua, ʻo ka polyurethane i ʻike ʻia i ka wai kino i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i hōʻike i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, e hāʻawi ana i kahi koho kūpono no nā noi scaffold.ʻO nā ionomers polyurethane kekahi papa hoihoi o nā polymers i hoʻohana ʻia no nā noi biomedical, ma muli o ko lākou biocompatibility a me ka pilina kūpono me ke kaiapuni o ke kino.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ionomer polyurethane e like me nā ʻāpana paipu no nā mea pacemakers a me ka hemodialysis (34, 35).

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻopuka lāʻau kūpono he wahi noiʻi koʻikoʻi i kēia manawa i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ala e hoʻoponopono ai i ka maʻi kanesa.Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi nanoparticle amphiphilic o polyurethane e pili ana i ka L-lysine no nā noi lawe lāʻau (36).ʻO kēia nanocarrier

ua hoʻouka maikaʻi ʻia me ka doxorubicin, kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi no nā maʻi maʻi maʻi (Figure 16).Hoʻopili nā ʻāpana hydrophobic o ka polyurethane me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a ua hui pū nā ʻāpana hydrophilic me nā cell.Ua hoʻokumu kēia ʻōnaehana i kahi hoʻolālā core-shell ma o kahi hui ponoʻī

mīkini a hiki ke hoʻopuka pono i nā lāʻau ma nā ala ʻelua.ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka pane wela o ka nanoparticle i hana ma ke ʻano he kumu i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka wela o ka maʻi kanesa (~ 41-43 °C), he pane extracellular.ʻO ka lua, ua pilikia nā ʻāpana aliphatic o ka polyurethane

enzymatic biodegradation e ka hana a lysosomes, e ae ana i ka doxorubicin e hoʻokuʻu i loko o ka maʻi 'aʻai;he pane intracellular kēia.ʻOi aku ma mua o 90% o nā maʻi kanesa o ka umauma i pepehi ʻia, ʻoiai ua mālama ʻia ka cytotoxicity haʻahaʻa no nā cell olakino.

Helu 16. Hoʻolālā holoʻokoʻa no ka ʻōnaehana lawe lāʻau ma muli o kahi nanoparticle polyurethane amphiphilic

e hoʻopaʻa i nā maʻi kanesa. Hoʻopuka hou ʻia me ka ʻae ʻia mai ke kuhikuhi(36).Kuleana kope 2019 American Chemical

Lahui.

Hōʻike: Ua haʻi ʻia ka ʻatikala maiIntroduction to Polyurethane ChemistryFelipe M. de Souza, 1 Pawan K. Kahol, 2 ame Ram K.Gupta *,1 .No ka kamaʻilio a me ke aʻo ʻana, mai hana i nā kumu pāʻoihana ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo o ka hui, inā pono ʻoe e paʻi hou, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona i ka mea kākau kumu, inā he hewa, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona koke iā mākou e hana i ka hana holoi.